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- $Unique_ID{BRK03527}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Binswanger's Disease}
- $Subject{Binswanger's Disease Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy
- Binswanger's Encephalopathy Multi-infarct Dementia Ischemic Periventricular
- Leukoencephalopathy SAE Alzheimer Disease Pick's Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob
- Disease}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 614:
- Binswanger's Disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Binswanger's Disease)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy
- Binswanger's Encephalopathy
- Multi-infarct Dementia
- Ischemic Periventricular Leukoencephalopathy
- SAE
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Alzheimer Disease
- Pick's Disease
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Binswanger's Disease is a form of senile dementia (loss of reason)
- usually brought on by deep white-matter lesions in the brain. Symptoms tend
- to begin after the age of sixty. Swelling (edema) and softening of brain's
- white matter is accompanied by high blood pressure (hypertension), stroke,
- difficulties in walking and urinary incontinence.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Binswanger's Disease is characterized by progressive loss of recent memory,
- difficulty coping with unusual events, self-centeredness, and childish
- behavior. The inability to retain urine, difficulty walking, parkinsonian
- type tremors and depression are also prominent features of the disease.
- These symptoms are not always present in all patients and may sometimes
- appear only as a passing or transient phase. Patients usually show signs of
- abnormal blood pressure (hypertension stroke, and disease of the large blood
- vessels in the neck, disease of the heart valves and blood abnormalities.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Binswanger's Disease is not known. There is patchy or
- diffuse loss of brain tissue, resulting in the behavioral and physical
- problems associated with senile dementia. This condition may develop in the
- aging brain as a result of many different factors including stroke, high
- blood pressure, blood abnormalities or other causes not yet fully understood.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Binswanger's Disease affects males more often than females, and tends to
- occur in those over sixty years of age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Binswanger's
- Disease. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Alzheimer's Disease is a common progressive disorder of the brain
- affecting memory, thought and language. Groups of nerve endings in the
- cortex of people with Alzheimer's degenerate, which disrupts the passage of
- electrochemical signals between the cells. These areas of degeneration are
- called "plaques". Changes known as "neurofibrillary tangles" also occur in
- nerve cells of the brain's cortex. The number of plaques and tangles appear
- to be directly proportional to the disturbance in intellectual function and
- memory. Recently scientists discovered that Alzheimer's Disease can be
- inherited through a dominant genetic trait in at least ten percent of
- affected individuals. Some researchers believe symptoms may be caused by
- excessive amounts of a protein that builds up in the brains of persons
- affected by this disorder, as well as abnormally low levels of the brain
- chemical (neurotransmitter) acetylcholine. As a result of these discoveries,
- tests to identify people at high risk, and drugs to treat Alzheimer's may be
- developed in the future. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Alzheimer" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Pick's Disease, also known as Lobar Atrophy of the brain, is
- characterized by neurological disturbances and usually begins between the
- ages of forty and sixty. This disorder appears to affect females more often
- than males, and the exact cause is not known. The area of the brain affected
- is the major different in Pick's Disease from other forms of senile dementia.
- This disease involves atrophy limited to the lobes of the brain. Areas of
- degeneration are identified by the presence of Pick cells and Pick inclusion
- bodies instead of plaques and tangles. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Pick" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in its early stages is marked with memory
- failure, changes in behavior, inability to concentrate, imperfect
- articulation of speech, lack of coordination, or visual disturbances. As the
- illness progresses, mental deterioration becomes pronounced. Involuntary
- movements (especially muscle jerks) appear, the patient may become blind, and
- develop weakness or stiffness in the arms or legs. Paralysis, sensory
- disturbances, and progressive muscular atrophy are other symptoms.
- Involuntary muscle contractions may be a prominent symptom throughout the
- course of the disease. General intellectual decline becomes more pronounced
- as the disorder progresses. Advanced symptoms may include mutism, absence of
- movement (akinesia), epileptic seizures, involuntary muscular contractions,
- rigidity, and semicoma. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Creutzfeldt-Jakob" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- There are many other neurological disorders that can cause dementia and
- memory disturbances.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Binswanger's Disease often involves the use of anti-hypertensive
- drugs to control blood pressure. Anti-depressive drugs have been found to be
- very helpful in the management of depression associated with Binswanger's
- Disease. Medication to control heart arrhythmias and low blood pressure
- (hypotension) can also be of great help. Other treatment is symptomatic and
- supportive. Diagnosis may be made through the use of such imaging methods as
- brain scans, CT scans and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Binswanger's Disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association, Inc.
- National Headquarters
- 919 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1000
- Chicago, IL 60611
- (312) 335-8700
- (800) 272-3900
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- NIH/National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-1752
-
- International Tremor Foundation
- 360 W. Superior St.
- Chicago, IL 60610
- (312) 664-2344
-
- References
-
- DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, 3d.: R.L. Spitzer,
- et al., eds; American Psychiatric Association, 1984. Pp. 121-123.
-
- SENILE DEMENTIA OF THE BINSWANGER TYPE. A VASCULAR FORM OF DEMENTIA IN
- THE ELDERLY. G.C. Roman; JAMA (October 1987, issue 258 (13)). Pp. 1782-
- 1788.
-
- SUBCORTICAL ARTERIOSCLEROTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (BINSWANGER'S DISEASE).
- COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, AND CLINICAL CORRELATIONS:
- W.R. Kinkel, et al.; Arch Neurol (October 1985, issue 42(10)). Pp. 951-959.
-
- WHITE MATTER LUCENCIES ON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, SUBACUTE ARTERIOSCLEROTIC
- ENCEPHALOPATHY (BINSWANGER'S DISEASE), AND BLOOD PRESSURE. B.A. McQuinn, et
- al.; Stroke (September-October 1987, issue 18(5)). Pp. 900-905.
-
- REVERSIBLE DEPRESSION IN BINSWANGER'S DISEASE: N. Venna, et al.; J Clin
- Psychiatry (January 1988, issue 49(1)). Pp. 23-26.
-
-